SUMMARY
of Rommel's book on the epic poem
Don Juan
by Lord Byron.
Literary computing enhances the critic's powers of memory and recall, and as error-prone manual sampling
becomes obsolete textual analysis as well as the ensuing interpretation of a text as a whole can be based on a
complete survey of all passages meeting predefined patterns or criteria.
The discussion of the history of literary computing shows that only a limited number of textual
phenomena can be analysed profitably in the context of a qualitative, computer-assisted analysis of style. These
phenomena have to have some surface features that can be identified by electronic means. The methodological
implications of such an approach to texts accommodates computer-assisted studies within the theoretical
framework of Roger Fowlers
New Stylistics
. Micro-stylistic analysis and the interpretation of
surface features are then incorporated into a structural approach to Byron's epic poem
Don Juan
Within the hermeneutic framework of literary criticism as applied in this study electronic sampling provides a
complete survey of three isolated textual features that are considered relevant: rhyme, word clusters, and
parenthesis.
The discussion of markup plays a significant role in computer-assisted studies in general and in this
study of
Don Juan
in particular. In order to use the complex indexing capabilities of the computer
effectively, questions concerning editorial consistency, scanning, the definition of "context" and of tagging,
automatically or semi-automatically, are dealt with. Finally, there is a critical evaluation of the three
programmes used for this analysis: Micro-OCP, WordPerfect, and TUSTEP, the "Tuebinger System von
Textverarbeitungsprogrammen", the most effective programme for literary computing. The discussion of
methodological implications of literary computing in general forms the central aspect of the first part of this
study.
The second part focusses on the analysis of the text itself. Byron's
Don Juan
comprises
some 130,000 words, organized in
ottava rima
in 1,973 stanzas. In this highly formal structure
specific patterns of mosaic rhyme are employed, often undermining the rigid formality of the overall structure
by producing a comic effect. Computer-assisted indexing, locating and sampling strategies provide a complete
survey of all syllable combinations in line-end positions and form the basis for the ensuing analysis and
interpretation of the uses and functions of rhyme in the text. The comic rhyme of multi-syllable word
combinations proves to be one of the central devices of the poem, and the variety of different forms further enhances
Don Juan's
comic effect on the reader.
The formal setup of the stanza is provided by the rhyme pattern of the
ottava rima
. Six
lines form the main body of the stanza, followed by a concluding couplet. By further subdividing the first six
lines on the basis of punctuation, an "introduction" of two lines, set off against the "main body" of the stanza,
can clearly be observed both syntactically and thematically. This is further enhanced by tracing the distribution
of two dominant stylistic devices: word clusters and parentheses. Word clusters, defined as asyndetic and
polysyndetic strings of a minimum of three elements, supply a rich reservoir of thematically relevant vocabulary
in close proximity to each other. The internal structure of these clusters as well as their distribution in the
individual
stanza and the whole text sheds light on Byron's way of enhancing the thematic focus of the poem: on the one hand
highlighting the cumulative effect by addition and on the other hand undermining the reader's expectations by
zeugmatic effects. Both the quantitative and the qualitative analysis of word clusters show that collocations are
effectively employed in the poem to startle, amuse, and direct the reader.
While word clusters provide a means of emphasis in structurally important positions of the stanza and
the poem as a whole, parenthesis is invoked for metafictional narrator-reader communication. Often digressive
in nature, syntactically marked by dash and parentheses and limited to units of sub-sentence length, these
"asides" enter into a metafictional discourse with the reader, who is directly addressed by the narrator. The
computer-assisted analysis of parentheses starts with patterns of distribution and includes a thematic analysis.
Previous manual studies have failed to apply consistent search criteria to this phenomenon in the long text. In
analysing the distribution of parenthetical digressions in the poem, subdivided into narrative units as opposed
to cantos, a change in the type of discourse used by the narrator can be detected. This changing role of author,
narrator, and protagonist in their communication with the reader forms one of the poem's most intriguing
problems, and the computer-assisted analysis of all digressions traces the narrative structure of the text when
protagonist and narrator blend, and the analysis of the respective context of the parentheses sheds light on the
different aspects of communication in the poem.
By using a computer it becomes possible to investigate questions of poetic and narrative
technique in
Don Juan
thoroughly, focussing on specifically selected stylistic devices, "and trace
[them] in this poem every line."
SOURCE:
Thomas Rommel,
"And trace it in this poem every line" Methoden und Verfahren
computerunterstützter Textanalyse am Beispiel von Lord Byrons
Don Juan
(Tübinger Beiträge zur Anglistik; 15). Tübingen: Narr, 1995.
"... an expensive book, yes, but *definitely* worth the money...."
(undisclosed source close to the author)